既有砌体承重结构抽砖柱设计方法探讨

Discussion on Design Method for Removal of Brick Column in Masonry Structure

既有砌体结构加固改造中,对底部承重墙上开洞研究已较多,但对底部承重结构抽掉独立砖柱的研究较少。结合实例,在砌体承重结构底部抽独立砖柱形成大空间进行改造利用时,对置换梁、边柱及基础等相关构件设计进行了分析探讨,提出了置换梁宜按转换梁设计而不宜按墙梁设计、边柱宜按转换柱设计等易于实施的设计方法。并提及了施工过程中,尤其是搭设支撑及拆除砖柱和支撑时应注意的一些问题。阐明此类改造项目只要着眼于力学本质,精心设计、精心施工,就能取得较好的预期效果。

In the reinforcement and reconstruction of existing masonry structures,there are many researches on the openings on the bottom bearing wall,but research on removal of the bottom masonry columns is limited.Illustration with an example,design of related components such as the replacement beam,side column and foundation is analyzed and discussed in the retrofitting of masonry structures,where the bottom brick masonry columns are removed to form large space. It is proposed that the replacement beam should be designed according to the design method for a wall beam,and the side column design according to the one of a transfer column. It also mentions some problems that should be paid attention to during the construction process,especially the erection of support and removal of brick columns and braces. It is expounded that better effect can be achieved for this type of reconstruction projects if the actual mechanical properties are focused on,while careful design and careful construction are conducted.