翻译改写:意识的操控——以葛浩文英译《生死疲劳》为例

Rewriting: the Manipulation of Ideology——A Case Study on Howard Goldblatt's Translation of Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out

美国汉学家葛浩文为当代中国文学英译做出了巨大贡献,而其翻译改写却一直饱受学界争议。对文学翻译来说,改写究竟是必要手段,还是对原文的不忠?文学操控论指出改写是种操控,是文学进化发展的助推力。而翻译正是一种最明显的改写。该研究以葛浩文英译《生死疲劳》的翻译为个案,对其翻译中所做的改写进行考察,发现大量改写多是由目标文化的意识形态综合作用于译者而发生的,目的是让译作被更多读者接受,延续作品在异域的生命,而这也正是译作成功的关键,是符合文学发展与传播规律的行为。

Howard Goldblatt,a famous American Sinologist,has made great contribution to English-language translation of contemporary Chinese literature. However,his translation has always been controversial in the academic circles for his way of rewriting in translation. In terms of literary translation,is rewriting a necessary or treason against the original text？ According to the manipulation theory,rewriting is manipulation,which can help in the evolution of a literature. And translation is the most obviously recognizable type of rewriting. With the translation of Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out as the sources of case studies,this study focuses on the rewriting in translation. Accordingly,the study finds out that Howard Goldblatt does often rewrite the work,mostly manipulated by the comprehensive ideology of the target culture. It is intentional,and the most obvious intention is to ensure the acceptance of the translated work by broader readers in the target-culture,thereby extending the life of the work in a foreign environment. This way of rewriting is the key to Howard Goldblatt＇s success,a kind of rewriting quite in keeping with the law of literary development and the rule of literary communication.