侯马盟书“纳室”考论

A Research on “Na Shi” of the Houma Covenant

侯马盟书所见之"纳室",学人多认为"纳"是"取"之意,"纳室"也就成了一种夺取别人的家室以壮大自己的行为。通过对"室"的具体涵义的考论可见,春秋时期"室"不仅包括家族人员、家族财货,还包括土地。春秋时期与"室"相关的问题反映着不同的政治行为。一种为夺取他人之家室以壮大自己,文献多称"兼其室"、"分其室"、"取其室";另有一种是大夫辞官、去位、出奔时把所受之采邑归之于"公",文献多称"致其邑"、"纳邑与政"、"委室"等。侯马盟书"纳室"行为与后一种相同,皆表示把采邑归之于"公",此种行为代表着断绝与君主的从属关系,意味着对君主的背叛,所以侯马盟书强烈反对会盟之人及其宗族之人的"纳室"行为。

＂Na Shi＂is a term, which is described in the Houma Covenant. Many learned men believe that ＂Na＂means ＂take＂. Therefore, ＂Na Shi＂ is a behaviour that one takes other people＇ s family to develop and strengthen itself.Through the textual research of the specific nature of ＂Shi＂, a conclusion can be gotten that ＂Shi＂ includes not only family members and wealth, but also the land of the family in Spring and Autumn period. In Spring and Autumn period, issues related to ＂Shi＂ reflected different political behaviors. One act is that someone takes other people＇ s family to develop and strengthen itself. In historical documents, this kind of act is called ＂annex its belongings ＂, ＂divide up its belongings＂, ＂take its belongings＂. The other is that when officials resign his government post or flee, they give their fiefdom back to the government, this kind of act is called ＂send his fiefdom out＂in historical documents, ＂give his fiefdom back to the government＂ etc. ＂Na Shi＂ in the Houma Covenant is the same as the second kind of act. They both mean giving fiefdom back to the government. This kind of behavior shows that they end the relation of subordination with the sovereign, and it also means betrayal. Therefore, the Houma Covenant strongly oppose his partners and members to ＂Na Shi＂.