缅甸消除疟疾策略的PEST分析

PEST analysis of the malaria elimination strategy in Myanmar

目的分析缅甸消除疟疾策略面临的环境状况,为提升中缅消除疟疾合作项目的效率提供依据。方法采用PEST环境分析模型分析缅甸政治、经济、社会和技术等外部因素对落实消除疟疾策略的影响。结果国际社会、缅甸政府鼓励和支持疟防工作,出台有疟疾防治相关政策和指导方案,中缅通过两国高效的多部门合作来实现消除边境疟疾;缅甸疟疾防控经费主要来源为国际基金,国内财政投入不足;国内流动人口数量增加,不同民族和不同的宗教信仰以及区域经济发展不平衡,增加疟疾防控难度;在非政府组织的帮助下开展疟疾防控工作,但本国基础卫生设施薄弱,多重抗药性疟疾的出现成为消除疟疾的潜在难点。结论为更好地落实消除疟疾策略,缅甸应该完善相关制度,建立健全的医疗卫生体系;保证稳定的财政支持;加强重点地区的疟疾监测管理和督导评估,加强信息交流机制建设、专业队伍建设、人才培养和国际合作。

Objective To analyze conditions encountered by Myanmar’s malaria elimination strategy and to improve the efficiency of China-Myanmar cooperation regarding malaria elimination. Methods A PEST model was used to analyze the influence of external factors such as politics,economy,society,and technology on Myanmar’s malaria elimination strategy. Results The international community and the Government of Myanmar are encouraging and supporting malaria prevention and control,and the Government has adopted relevant policies and guidelines.Multiple Chinese and Myanmarese agencies have effectively collaborated in malaria elimination at border areas.International funding accounts for most of the funding for malaria control in Myanmar,but national financing is insufficient.Factors as the increasing number of migrants,different ethnic groups and religions,and unequal regional economic development have increased the difficulty of malaria control.With the assistance of nongovernmental organizations,Myanmar has been working to prevent and control malaria,but its weak basic healthcare infrastructure and the emergence of multidrug-resistant malaria are potential difficulties for malaria elimination. Conclusion To better implement a malaria elimination strategy in Myanmar,relevant systems should be improved,a robust healthcare system should be established,consistent financial support should be ensured,malaria surveillance and management and malaria monitoring and evaluation should be enhanced in key areas,mechanisms for exchanging information should be devised,specialists should be fostered,and personnel training and international cooperation should be implemented.