江西省高等教育供给实证分析

Empirical Analysis on the Supply of Higher Education in Jiangxi Province

高等教育供给状况决定了个体和社会的高等教育需求满意度。目前江西省高等教育供给现状表明:高校数量增多,招生人数增加,总体规模扩大;层次结构供给不够合理,研究生,特别是博士生招生人数严重不足;专业结构供给有待调整,哲学、历史与农学专业招生人数不足,专业之间不平衡;区域结构供给集中于省会南昌市,区域不均衡;类型结构供给表现为农林院校不足,师范院校过多;形式结构供给显示民办高等教育发展强劲,成人教育逐步萎缩。江西省高等教育供给不能很好地满足经济社会发展对人才的需求,因此,需要加大高等教育总量供给、优化高等教育层次供给、协调高等教育区域供给、调整高等教育专业供给,只有这样,才能形成有效供给,满足社会需求。

the supply of higher education determines the satisfaction degree of individual and social demands for higher education. At present, the current situation shows both positive and negative aspects of supply of higher education in Jiangxi. The positive aspects are the number of colleges and universities has increased, the number of enrollment has increased, and the overall scale of higher education in Jiangxi has expanded. However, there are still more negative aspects. Firstly, the supply of the hierarchical structure of higher education is not reasonable enough, and the enrollment of graduate students, especially the doctoral students is seriously insufficient. Secondly, the number of students enrolled in philosophy, history and agronomy is seriously inadequate and the imbalance between majors is obvious. All of these indicate that the supply of major structure of higher education needs to be adjusted. Thirdly, the supply of regional structure of higher education is also lack of balance due to the supply of higher education is mostly concentrated in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi. Fourthly, the type and formal structure of colleges and universities are irrational. The supply of type structure of higher education is insufficient for agriculture and forestry colleges and universities and there are too many Normal universities and colleges. The supply of formal structure of higher education indicates that the development of private higher education and adult education is unbalanced. All of those negative aspects show the supply of higher education in Jiangxi cannot meet the demand of local economic and social development for talents. Therefore, in order to form an effective and reasonable supply of higher education to satisfy the needs of the society we need to increase the total supply of higher education, optimize the supply of the hierarchical structure of higher education, harmonize the regional supply of higher education and regulate the supply of specialties of higher education.