审美体验及其性质与对象

Aesthetic Experience:It’s Nature and Object

体验这一概念被现象学赋予一种认识论的意义，成为主体的认识方法之一和确立自我存在价值的手段。和纯粹哲学意义的体验有所不同，美学视野中的审美体验不满足于对客观对象的真实把握，而希冀于主体对事物存在的可能性之诗性领悟。换言之，审美体验能够超越知识平面达到对精神隐秘的体察，力图粉碎单一的意义存在而达到对整个对象的否定性观照和诗意发现。审美体验之性质和一般体验有所差异的是，审美体验包含着内容的丰富性和精神的无限可能性。它既可以逾越认识论和知识论的制约，也可以打破日常经验和悖谬形式逻辑，因此，审美必然性地蕴含丰富的人生智慧和诗性情怀。审美体验的特性在于，始终以美感活动作为自己的运动轴心，审美活动既是它的目的也是它的手段。因此，审美体验的本质属性是以自我意向为中心对生活世界的合目的性的审美想象或审美直觉的精神活动。审美体验之主要对象，其一关涉自然，其二关涉艺术，其三关涉历史。它们相应分类为自然之审美体验、艺术之审美体验、历史之审美体验这三种形式。

The concept experience （erlebnis） is endowed with a meaning of epistemology by phenomenology. For the subject, it becomes one of the main methods of cognition and the means to establish the value of self-existence. Different from purely philosophical experience, aesthetic experience is not satisfied with the real grasp of the objective object, but hopes for self- understanding of existence of possibility. Transcending the level of knowledge, aesthetic experience realizes the observation of the secret of the mind. It tries to shatter the single existence of meaning and achieve a negative organic view of the whole object. The difference nature between aesthetic experience and general experience is that aesthetic experience includes the richness of content and the limitless possibility of spirit. It can not only go beyond the control of epistemology, but also break the daily experience and paradoxical formal logic. Aesthetic experience always regards aesthetic activity as its axis of movement. Aesthetic activity is not only its purpose, but also its means. Therefore, aesthetic experience is a kind of spiritual activity which focuses on self-intention and is a kind of aesthetic imagination or aesthetic intuition of conformity of aim of life-world. The main objects of aesthetic experience are related to nature, art and history. Correspondingly, three forms can be obtained by this classification： the aesthetic experience of nature, the aesthetic experience of art and the aesthetic experience of history.