论威廉·詹姆斯对宗教经验的现象学诠释

William James' Phenomenological Interpretation of Religious Experience

威廉·詹姆斯从他个人的边缘经验出发对信仰的基础提出了发人深省的追问。在他看来,存在一种实在的宗教体验处在科学捕捉之外。然而,科学对实证方法的喜爱已经使得科学过分相信给定证据的知识及其行为,导致人类在面临一些技术装置之外的身心体验时陷入精神危机。正确的做法应该是,回到纯粹经验,融合理智和情感,给予人们在没有充分证据下信仰的权利,让宗教经验帮助个体实现与非人格化对象的沟通,从而缓解或消弭身心危机。

William James questioned the basis of belief in a thought-provoking way from his per- sonal marginal experience. In his view, there is a concrete religious experience, which is beyond scientific capture. However, the affection of science to empiricism has given too much credit to the knowledge of given evidence and the related behaviors, leading to human spiritual crisis when the men are encountering some physical or mental experiences beyond the explanation of technical devices. The correct approach should be to return to pure experience, to integrate reason and e- motion, and to give people the right of believing in something without sufficient evidence, allo- wing religious experience to help individuals communicate with the non-personified entities so as to alleviate or eliminate the physical and mental crisis.