大学章程治理结构中的协商民主机制探微——美国一流大学章程透视

The Exploration of Deliberative Democracy in the Governance Structure of University Statutes

基于一流大学需要有效治理为支撑的逻辑,美国大学极为重视治理结构的优化,并将其作为大学章程建设的核心内容。以美国一流大学章程文本为研究对象,发现其治理结构中深度融入了协商民主机制,主要表现为:董事会制度与多元参与机制,校长负责制与权力规约机制,学术评议会与组织平衡机制。对协商共治与权力制衡理念的强调与实践不仅是美国大学章程治理结构的特色与优势所在,也成为美国高校保持世界一流大学地位的一个关键要素。在凸显"中国特色"的基础上借鉴这一"美国通见",应是完善我国大学章程治理结构的务实选择。

American universities attach great importance to the optimization of the governance structure and regard it as the core objective under the construction of university statutes,based on the logic that first-class universities are supposed to have their own effective governance as support. The university statutes of American firstclass universities as the object in the study were observed. We can find that deliberative democracy is deeply integrated in their governance structure. The main manifestation of the deliberative democracy are system of board of directors and multiple participation mechanism,principal accountability system and restriction mechanism of power,and the academic senate and organizational balance mechanism. The emphasis and practice of deliberative democracy and checks and balances are not only the characteristic and advantage of governance structure of American universities statutes,but the key element that American universities maintain the leading position as the first-class universities in the world as well. On the basis of referring to the＂Chinese characteristics＂,the emphasis on＂American vision＂should be the pragmatic choice for completing the statute governance structure of the chinese university.