芬兰预防校园欺凌项目对我国的启示

The Enlightenment of Finnish Campus Bullying Prevention Program to China

芬兰2006年在国内中小学推行了预防校园欺凌Ki Va项目,其对象涵盖1-9年级(7岁-15岁)的所有学生。Ki Va项目以预防校园欺凌为核心,以唤醒旁观者角色意识为重点,通过增加旁观者同理心与责任感共同抵制欺凌。Ki Va项目主要包含两部分:一是面向全体的课程开发,旨在预防校园欺凌,主要通过反欺凌课程和情景教学的电脑游戏完成;二是针对个别欺凌事件的应急机制,意在通过有效干预终止欺凌行为。Ki Va项目自实施以来,有效降低了校园欺凌事件的发生机率,被欺凌者的数量也在不断减少。

Finland launched a nationwide anti-bullying program,Kiusaamista Vastaan（KiVa）,which means＂against bullying＂.The program intended to be for Finnish comprehensive schools,which is grades one through nine（ages seven through fifteen）.Different from other programs,the KiVa prevention program chose to primarily focus on the bystanders of bullying,it aims to increase the empathy and responsibility of the bystander against to the bullying.Within the constructs of the program,there are two general areas,universal actions and indicated actions.The universal actions,such as the KiVa curriculum（student lessons and online games）,are directed at all students and focus mainly on preventing bullying. The indicated actions are to be used when a bullying case emerged. They are targeted specifically to the children and adolescents who have been involved in bullying as perpetrators or victims,the aim is to put an end to bullying. Since its implementation,the KiVa project has effectively reduced the number of bullying incidents and bullies.