不同生境下桥山林区麻栎种群有性生殖特性

Sexual Reproductive Characteristics of the Quercus acutissima in the Qiaoshan Forests in Different Habitats

为阐明不同生境条件下麻栎(Quercus acutissima)种群有性生殖特性,以桥山林区麻栎天然次生林为研究对象,对不同坡向(阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡)下麻栎种群的生殖年龄、开花物候、单株结实及种子在树冠上的空间分布格局进行调查分析。结果表明:1)麻栎种群的初始生殖年龄为阳坡(7a)<半阳坡(9a)<半阴坡(11a)<阴坡(12a),而最大生殖年龄、平均生殖年龄及生殖年龄期限都为半阳坡>半阴坡>阳坡>阴坡。2)麻栎种群的始花时间阳坡最早,由始花期到开花盛期再到终花期的时间间隔各生境下基本相似,花期持续时间阴坡最短,与其他3个坡向间存在显著差异。3)麻栎种群单株结实量为半阳坡>阳坡>半阴坡>阴坡。4)麻栎结实总体集中分布于树冠上层和树冠阳面,阳坡和半阳坡在树冠上层和树冠阳面的结实占比都比半阴坡和阴坡低。在桥山林区麻栎天然次生林的经营管理中,通过经营措施,改善阳坡、半阴坡和阴坡的生境条件,促进麻栎种群的繁殖更新。

Abstract：In order to clarify the sexual reproductive characteristics of Quercus acutissima in different habi- tats, we took the Q. acutissima natural secondary forests occurring in Qiaoshan forests as the objects of study. An analysis was made on reproductive age, flowering phenology, seed number of single tree and seed spatial distribution of the Q. acutissima population, which were under different slope directions （sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, semi-shade slope, shade slope）. The results showed that 1） the minimum reproduc- tive age of the Q. acutissima population was sunny slope （7 a）〈semi-sunny slope（9 a）〈semi-shade slope （11 a）%shade slope（12 a）,and the maximum reproductive age, average reproductive age and reproductive age were semi-sunny slope〉semi-shade slope〉sunny slope〉shade slope. 2） The onset of the Q. acutissi- ma population on the sunny slope was the earliest. The time interval was similar in all habitats from the on- set to the peak flowering date and then to the end date. The duration of the flowering period on the shade slope was the shortest, and there were significant differences with the other three slope directions. 3） The seed number of single tree of Q. acutissima population on the semi-sunny slope was the largest,expressed as semi-sunny slope〉sunny slope〉semi-shade slope〉shade slope. 4） The fruiting of Q. acutissima was concentrated in the upper and the sunny side of the canopy, and it was higher in semi-shade and shade slopes than sunny and semi-sunny slopes. In the management of the natural secondary forest of Q. acutissi-ma in Qiaoshan forest area,we should improve the conditions of habitat in sunny, semi-shady and shady slopes, so as to promote the reproduction of Q. acutissima population.