天目湖流域景观格局时空变化及生态系统服务价值分析

Studies on Spatiotemporal Change of Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value in Tianmuhu Watershed

景观格局的动态变化以及生态系统服务价值评估,是有效开展区域生态保护及建设的依据。利用1995-2015年3期天目湖流域遥感影像构建景观数据库,研究本区域景观格局演变趋势,并估算生态系统服务价值。结果表明:1)天目湖流域土地利用类型的构成发生明显变化,建设用地和水域面积分别增加了606hm2和286hm2,林地和耕地面积分别减少536hm2和350hm2;2)林地景观中1 027hm2的有林地转换为其他各类用地,有林地优势地位被其他林地取代,物种的自然栖息地受到影响;3)天目湖流域景观类型斑块离散度增高、连通度降低,景观层面呈现异质性及破碎化,其中林地景观破碎起主导作用;4)本地区生态系统服务总价值呈现降低趋势,其中林地生态系统服务总量降低最大。

The dynamic changes of the landscape pattern and the ecosystem service value assessment are the fundamental bases of regional ecological protection and construction.In the paper,the TM images of Tianmuhu Watershed landscape pattern were analyzed in the years of 1995,2005 and 2015.The evolutionary law of landscape pattern of Tianmuhu Watershed landscape pattern was studied,and the value of ecological service was estimated.The results showed that 1）land use of Tianmuhu watershed changed significantly between 1995 to 2015,the area of construction land and water area increased by 606 hm2 and 286 hm2 respectively,and the areas of forestland and cultivated land reduced by 536 hm2 and 350 hm2,respectively.2）There were 1 027 hm2 woodland that were converted into other kinds of land,the advantage of forestland was replaced by other woodlands,and the natural habitat of species were affected.3）The whole landscape fragmentation increased,shape patterns became more regular,and heterogeneity and relevancy enhanced,in which the woodland fragmentation played a dominant role.4）The total value of ecosystem services in Tianmuhu watershed presented a decreasing trend,and the forest ecosystem services decreased the most.This was resulted from the degradation of forest ecosystems and the decrease in area of natural ecosystems.