钦州湾7种经济贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素分析与安全评价

Detection and Safety Evaluation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in 7 Species of Qinzhou Bay Economically Shellfish

采用小鼠生物检测法和液相色谱-荧光检测法,分别对采自钦州湾的7种典型经济贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)组成成分与含量进行分析,同时参考我国渔政渔港监督管理局制订的贝类安全食用标准(400 MU/100 g或80μg/100 g STX_(eq))评价其食用安全性。结果如下,小鼠生物法分析表明小鼠在观察15 min内均不死亡,说明7种贝类中PSTs含量均小于400 MU/100 g或者不含有毒素;进一步对贝类样品进行液相色谱-荧光检测分析,表明7种贝类中可检测到麻痹性贝类毒素,毒素组成成分以高毒性的氨基甲酸酯类毒素为主如膝沟藻毒素4(gonyautoxin,GTX4)、膝沟藻毒素1(gonyautoxin,GTX1)、新石房哈毒素(neosaxitoxin,NEO)和石房蛤毒素(saxitxin,STX),其中异毛蚶中有最大毒素含量/毒性值,分别为0.27 nmol/g或13.1μg/100 g STX_(eq),低于安全标准80μg/100 g STX_(eq)。研究中有6种贝类可检测到毒素成分,检出率为86%。这说明,在钦州湾所采集的7种贝类中,尽管毒素含量低于食用安全标准规定的阈值,但多种贝类中仍可检测到麻痹性贝类毒素成分,因此其存在的安全性问题不容忽视,应加强该地区经济型贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素的监测,以防中毒事件的发生。

The content and composition of paralytic shellfish toxins（PSTS）in 7 species of economic shellfish in Qinzhou Bay were analyzed by mouse bioassay and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection,the edibility safety was evaluated according to food safety standards of shellfish（400 MU/100 g or 80 μg/100 g STX_（eq））by China Fishery and Fishing Administration. The results showed that all mice were still living within 15 min by mouse bioassay,which means that PSTs content were less than 400 MU/100 g or no toxins in 7 species of economic shellfish. The paralytic shellfish toxin content were further analysised by liquid chromatography-fluorescence. The main composition were gonyautoxin4（GTX4）,gonyautoxin1（GTX1）,neosaxitoxin（NEO）and saxitoxin（STX）,and the scapharca anomala has the highest toxins content and virulence which are0.27 nmol/g or 13.1 μg/100 g STX_（eq）,even so they lower than safety standard 80 μg/100 g STX_（eq）. Six were founel with PSP,the detection rate was 86 %. It＇s indicated that paralytic shellfish toxins were detected in many species of shellfish in Qinzhou Bay although the levels of toxin was below the threshold. This issue should not be overlooked,monitoring of paralytic shellfish toxins in economically shellfish should be stepped up in order to prevent the occurrence of poisoning incidents.