压力型体制、生计模式与产业扶贫中的目标失灵——以黔西南L村为例

Target Failure in the Pressure Type System,Livelihood Mode and the Industrial Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study of L Village in Southwest Guizhou

立足于西南民族农村的产业扶贫实践,从基层政府压力型体制下的行为逻辑和少数民族文化特质下型塑的生计模式角度,探讨了产业扶贫政策的运作逻辑及困境成因。指出基层政府面临着精准扶贫考核上的短期性要求与产业扶贫长期性之间的矛盾张力,出现了对政策的变通式执行,优先考虑能否达到贫困户精准脱贫的数据指标,贫困户能否真正脱贫成为次要考量。西南民族农村长期以来形成了一套嵌入于当地社会文化系统的农业生产方式,他们追求的是农业生产能服务于家庭生活和社会文化需求,而市场化导向的产业扶贫政策难以与少数民族农户地方性的生计方式相适应,使得产业扶贫政策遭遇到民族农村传统生计模式的排斥。

Based on the practice of the poverty alleviation in the Southwest ethnic rural areas,the operational logic of industrial poverty alleviation policy is explored from the grassroots government behavior logic and the livelihood model shaped by ethnic minorities cultural characteristics. The grassroots government is faced with the short-term requirements of precision poverty alleviation and the longterm contradiction between poverty alleviation,which promotes the government to change the policy and give priority to the poverty alleviation indicators,and whether the poor households can really be out of poverty is a secondary consideration. The ethnic rural areas have long formed a set of agricultural production mode embedded in the local social and cultural system; they are pursuing the agricultural production which can serve the family life and social needs. But the market-oriented industry poverty alleviation policy is difficult to adapt to the local livelihood of the ethnic minority peasants,which makes the industry poverty alleviation policy encountered the ethnic rural traditional livelihood patterns.