伽达默尔论歌德未竟神话诗

Gadamer on Goethe's Unfinished Mythic Poems

伽达默尔晚年对于歌德未完成的三部神话诗剧《普罗米修斯》《潘多拉》和《魔笛》表现出浓厚兴趣。伽达默尔跳过了歌德诗歌的语言艺术特点,直接从歌德神话诗的重大主题入手,探寻其中深蕴的存在真理。在伽达默尔看来,歌德未完成的神话诗展现了古希腊人神和谐共存的原初生存状态,深刻揭示了人类以爱的无限性对抗生命的有限性,以及矛盾对立面转化的时间性问题。因此,歌德的神话诗在形式上虽未完成,但在主题意义上是完整而开放的。总体上,伽达默尔的歌德诗评仍表现出了明显的哲学旨趣,其诗评实质上是一位思想者与诗歌的对话。

In his later years,Gadamer showed strong interests in Goethe＇s three unfinished mythological poetic dramas ：Prometheus,Pandora and Magic Flute. With no regard to the characteristics of language arts,Gadamer started seeking for the truth of being directly from the significant themes of Goethe＇s mythic poems. In Gadamer＇s view,Goethe＇s unfinished mythic poems showed the original ancient Greek existence that all gods and humans harmoniously coexisted,and revealed how humans coped with the vital finiteness via the infiniteness of love,and also uncovered the time issue in the transformation of contradictory opposites. Therefore,although Goethe＇s mythic poems were unfinished in form,they were complete and open in thematic meaning. As a whole,Gadamer＇s criticism of Goethe＇s poems still manifested obvious philosophical purport,and his poem criticism was actually a conversation between a thinker and poetry.