秸秆纤维素/改性蛭石环保吸水材料的研究

Study on straw cellulose/modified vermiculite environmental protection absorbent material

以玉米秸秆纤维素及改性蛭石为原料,柠檬酸为交联剂,制备环保复合吸水材料,研究改性蛭石含量、柠檬酸/柠檬酸三钠浓度、交联温度及交联时间对材料吸水率的影响,并采用扫描电镜表征其结构。结果表明,最佳制备工艺条件为:柠檬酸/柠檬酸三钠浓度8%,交联温度70℃,改性蛭石含量2 g,交联时间1 h,在此条件下,吸水材料的吸水倍率可达到19.17;扫描电镜分析表明,秸秆纤维素与改性蛭石形成了表面粗糙、疏松多孔、比表面积较大的复合材料;吸水材料具有较好的重复利用性;当吸水时间为4 min时,吸水速率最大,可达到5.982 g/min;吸水材料的保水率随着温度升高和时间延长呈下降趋势,在20℃时保水率较好;吸水材料具有良好的耐盐能力。

Make environmental protection absorbent material with corn straw cellulose,modified vermiculite and citric acid as crosslinking agent. In order to learn the best preparing conditions,the effect of vermiculite content,concentration of citric acid/trisodium citrate,the crosslinking temperature and time on the polymerization condition of absorbent material are researched. The scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the structure. The results show that the best condition is citric acid/trisodium citrate with the concentration of 8%,crosslinking temperature of 70 ℃,2 g of modified vermiculite and crosslinking time of 1 h. Water absorbency rate of absorbent material can be 19. 17 under this condition. The scanning electron microscopy analysis show that the cellulose and modified vermiculite form the composite materials with rough surface,porous and larger surface area. The absorbent material has good reusing performation. Water absorption rate can reach the maximum of 5. 982 g/min when the absorbing time is 4 min.The water retention property decreases with the increasing of time and temperature. It has the best water retention property at 20 ℃. The absorbent material has good salt tolerance.