深圳地区过敏性疾病患者血清特异性IgE检测及分析

Determination and analysis of serum specific IgE in patients with allergic diseases in Shenzhen area

目的分析深圳地区过敏性疾病患者特异性IgE检测结果及其过敏原分布情况。方法采用欧蒙免疫印迹法对2 154例过敏性疾病患者检测吸入性和食物性特异性IgE,分析过敏原种类及其分布。结果过敏原特异性IgE总阳性率为48.88%,20.00%以上的患者对两种以上过敏原过敏,最常见的过敏原为尘螨组合、淡水鱼组合和海鱼组合。男性过敏原IgE阳性率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄组过敏原特异性IgE阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),对尘螨组合的阳性率在18岁前逐年升高,之后则逐年下降,对鸡蛋白、牛奶的阳性率7岁以后呈明显的下降趋势。不同疾病患者过敏原IgE阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),鼻炎患者对尘螨组合的阳性率最高,为49.94%。结论深圳地区过敏性疾病的主要过敏原是尘螨组合、淡水鱼组合和海鱼组合,儿童主要的食物过敏原是鸡蛋和牛奶,成人的主要过敏原是尘螨组合和鱼类,鼻炎患者为尘螨组合的高致敏人群。

Objective To analyze the specific IgE test results and the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Shenzhen area.Methods Western blot was used to detect inhaled and food specific IgE in 2 154 patients with allergic diseases,and the types and distribution of allergens were analyzed.Results The total positive rate of allergen specific IgE was 48.88%.More than 20% of the patients were allergic to more than two allergens.The most common allergies were dust mites,freshwater fish and sea fish.The positive rate of IgE in male allergens was higher than that in females,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The positive rate of allergen specific IgE in different age groups was statistically significant（P〈0.001）.The positive rate of dust mites increased year by year before the age of 18,and then decreased year after year.The positive rate of chicken protein and milk showed a significant downward trend after7 years old.The positive rate of allergen IgE in patients with different diseases was statistically significant（P〈0.001）.The positive rate of dust mite combination in rhinitis patients was the highest,49.94%.Conclusion The main allergen of allergic diseases in Shenzhen area is dust mites combination,freshwater fish combination and sea fish combination.The main food allergen of children is egg and milk.The main allergen of adult is dust mites combination and fish,and the patients with rhinitis are high sensitized people of dust mites combination.