六安市2010至2015年流感病原学检测及流行病学分析

Etiologydetection and epidemiological analysis of influenza in Lu'an from 2010 to 2015

目的分析六安市2010~2015年流感监测数据,探讨六安市近6年流感流行特征。方法收集2010年1月至2015年12月六安市人民医院提供的15 435流感样病例资料,对其中3 890份采样标本进行流感病原学检测和病毒核酸检测,并进行亚型鉴定,同时收集哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)相关资料,运用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行流行病学分析。结果共采集ILI咽拭子标本3 890份,检出流感核酸阳性422份,总阳性率为10.85%。分析流感病毒亚型,季H3 229份(54.27%),新甲H1 53份(12.56%),A未分型29份(6.87%),B型109份(25.83%)。流感病毒检测阳性率随季节呈明显双峰,高峰分别为7~9月和12月至次年3月。0~5岁和25~60岁年龄组阳性率占比均为23.70%。男女阳性率占比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2010~2015年,六安市流感流行以季H3为主,B型流感年度分布比较均匀。流感流行时间呈双峰,分别在7~9月和12月至次年3月。5岁以下和25~60岁年龄组患病人数较多。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of influenza in Lu＇an from 2010 to 2015,and explore the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Lu＇an for the past 6 years. Methods A total of 15 435 throat case date in the Lu＇an people＇s hospital were collected. between Jan 2010 and Dec 2015,3 890 samples underwent detection of the influenza viral nucleic acids and identification of the virus subtypes by means of real-time PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR. The related data of patients with influenza-like illness（ ILI） from sentinel hospitals were chosen for epidemiological analysis via the descriptive epidemiology method. Results Among the 3,890 throat swab samples from ILI patients,422 samples were influenza nucleic acids positive,with total positive rate of 10. 85%. Analysis of the virus subtypes showed that there were type A3 of 229 cases（ 54. 27%）,lastly type H1 N1 of 53 cases（ 12. 56%）,unclassified type A of 29 cases（ 6. 87%） and type B of 109 cases（ 25. 83%）. Obvious bimodal changes with the seasons could be found in the positive rate of influenza virus,with one peak between July and September,another peak between December and next March. Percent of positive ILI patients in the age groups of under 5 years and 25 - 60 years were both 23. 70%,and difference between the positive rates of male and female groups was not statistically significant（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion s During the year of 2010 - 2015,type A3 influenza virus is probably the major epidemic strain in Lu＇an area,and annual distribution of type B influenza is mainly steady. The epidemic process of influenza here showed fluctuating changes of bimodal curve,with one peak between July and September,another peak between December and next March. The infected cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 25 - 60 years are in the majority.