城市隧道入口自然光对驾驶人视觉影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of Natural Light on Driver's Vision at the Urban-Tunnel Entrances

车辆进入隧道时产生的"黑洞效应"会对驾驶人的视觉产生极大影响,从而影响驾驶人行车的安全性。为研究城市隧道入口处光照度的变化规律以及驾驶人进入隧道时的视觉变化特征,本文采用理论分析与实验相结合的方法,调查了南京玄武湖隧道和富贵山隧道的光照度,并通过行车试验获得驾驶人驾车进入隧道时的瞳孔面积和注视时间等视觉变化参数,建立隧道光照度与隧道距离以及瞳孔面积的关系模型,得出隧道光照度变化规律及驾驶人视觉适应性规律,针对由于照度差异过大引起的城市隧道交通安全问题提出改善方法。根据驾驶人在行车过程中舒适时其瞳孔面积变化率应小于20%,得出结论:可以在玄武湖隧道外64m处设置遮光棚以改善隧道光环境。

The T,black hole effect＂ of a vehicle entering a tunnel will have a great impact on the driver＇s vision, which will affect the safety of driving. In order to study the variation of light intensity at the entrance of an urban tunnel and the visual change characteristics of the driver entering the tunnel, the method of combining theoretical analysis and experiment is adopted in this paper. We investigate the illumination of the Xuanwu Lake Tunnel and the Fugui Mount Tunnel in Nanjing and obtain the visual change parameters of the pupil area of the driver and the fixation time enter the tunnel through the driving experiment. The relationship model of tunnel illumination with tunnel distance and pupil area is established. According to the laws of the tunnel illumination changes and drivers＇ visual adaptation rule, the paper put forward some improvement method in view of the traffic safety problem caused by the big illumination differences. According to the comfort of drivers during driving, the pupil area change rate should be less than 20 percent. The conclusion is that we can set up shading shed at 64M outside Xuanwu Lake tunnel to improve tunnel light environment.