卢梭政治哲学中的哲人王问题

The Problem of Philosopher-king in Rousseau's Political Philosophy

哲人王问题源于人类灵魂理性与激情的原初冲突。卢梭试图以民主政制的构想彻底消解这个冲突,然而,我们发现卢梭的民主构想不但不能消解这个原初冲突,反而把这个原初冲突转换为两个新冲突:一是历史与自然之间的冲突;二是道德共同体的"永远正确"与政治现实的"肉身性"之间的冲突。实质上,这两个冲突是哲人王问题的变体。由此,卢梭的民主构想不但造成了自己的哲人王问题,而且卢梭还不得不模仿柏拉图解决理性与激情冲突的方式,解决自己的哲人王问题。

This paper tries to reveal that the problem of philosopher-king can also exist in modern political philosophy besides Plato＇s. The problem arises out of the conflict between reason and passions in the soul of our human-beings.Rousseau attempts to solve the conflict, but unfortunately, his methods lead to other conflicts, which can also be understood as Rousseau＇s own problem of philosopher-king.