明代洪武前期的“高丽进士”——兼论明代的“宾贡”制度

The “Korean Jinshi” of Early Hongwu Years in Ming Dynasty:On the Examination of Bin Gong in Ming Dynasty

洪武初年,基于政治与安全的需要,朱元璋下令于实施科举之际行"宾贡",并颁科举诏于高丽、安南、占城等国,后仅高丽一国成行。明廷和高丽王朝斟酌前代制度,在宾贡的考试流程、参考年岁和解额、试卷内容与发榜方式等方面做出详细规定。然而"宾贡"仅举办一届之后,即因明代政局的变化及朝鲜半岛政权的嬗替,以及朝鲜士子不通华语等缘故而被停废。自此,从唐长庆以来历代所推行的宾贡制度再无施行,中国与藩属国之间的交往被其他多种形式的互动所替代。

In the year of Hongwu time, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered to implement Bin Gong at the time of imperial examination and gave letters to the kingdoms of Korea, Vietnam and Champa, and only Korea received the letter then. After deliberating on the institutions of previous dynasties, the Ming Court and the Korean Kingdom made detailed regulations on the procedure of examination, the age of applicants, the content of examination, and the announcement of successful applicants. However, the examination of Bin Gong was abolished due to the political changes of Ming Court, the regime change on Korean peninsula and the limited Chinese language skill of Korean scholars. Thereafter, the examination of Bin Gong, which was initiated since the Changqing years in Tang Dynasty, had never been practiced anymore.The exchanges between China and her subordinate kingdoms were substituted by other various interactions.