拉丁美洲“增长性贫困”检验及其应对措施与绩效

Research on the Poverty Rate Climbing with Low Economic Growth in Latin America:Measures and Performance

20世纪80年代以来，拉美地区始终存在着“增长性贫困”，主要表现为经济低速增长时贫困率较快上升，只有增长超过3％时，贫困率才明显下降。文章通过21世纪以来的数据资料分析，再次检验了“增长性贫困”的存在。文章认为，过去10年的数据显示，经济快速增长为降低贫困率做出决定性贡献，但社会支出“顺周期性”和收入分配不公则不利于减贫；完善社会保障和扩大覆盖面是拉关地区减贫的主要制度安排，对减贫尤其对降低老年人贫困率具有重要作用，而对低收入群体则效果全无。文章对拉美国家独创的“反周期性”措施即“有条件现金转移支付”对缩小收入分配差距的作用做了积极评价，对普遍运用的就业促进政策的反贫困作用给予了肯定。

Since the 1980s, the poverty rate climbing with low economic growth has always existed in Latin America： the poverty rate still rises when the economy grows at a low rate. Only when the growth rate exceeded 3% , the poverty rate decreased significantly. By analyzing the data since the beginning of this century, this article once again examines the poverty rate climbing with low economic growth. It concludes that rapid economic growth has made a decisive contribution to reducing the poverty rate in Latin America. However, procyclieality of social spending and inequitable distribution of income are harnfful to poverty reduction. Social security is the main strategy in Latin America which has played an important role to play in reducing poverty, especially in reducing the poverty among the senior, hut the social security system cannot protect low -income people. This article positively evaluates the role of Latin America＇s conditional cash transfers （CCTs） in narrowing the gap in income distribution, and affirms the anti - poverty role of employment promotion policies that are commonly used.