基于压迫感分析的城市高架桥美学设计研究

Research on Aesthetic Design of Urban Viaduct Based on the Analysis of Oppressiveness

为解决城市高架桥对其地面道路及周边地块产生的压迫感这一问题,并且指导城市高架桥的设计和规划,使之在满足交通功能和用地要求的同时兼顾美学的考虑,研究根据压迫感主要来源为建筑对视野限制的推论,分析了压迫感的主要影响因素为建筑在视野中形成的视角,讨论了现有立体角理论模型的适用性,并且结合城市高架桥视角的特点,将立体角理论模型简化为平面视角理论模型以增强其适用性。建立了桥梁的结构尺寸与影响点的视角的关系式,以压迫感接受率表征压迫感的大小,再根据调查统计数据拟合,确定视角与压迫感接受率的关系曲线,从而得到桥梁的结构尺寸与影响点压迫感接受率的关系式。在规划和设计时,可根据该公式合理确定桥梁下地面道路的红线宽度或两侧地块的退红净距。

In order to solve the problem of the oppressiveness caused by urban viaduct influenced the under roads and the parcels nearby, and guide the subsequent design and planning of urban viaduct so that the Aesthetics could be considered, the paper researched that the main source of the oppressiveness was the confine of the field of view, it was analyzed that the viewing angle was the main factor of oppressiveness caused by urban viaduct. Based on the particularity of the urban viaduct, it was simplified the model of solid angle which is the expression of oppressiveness caused by buildings, so as to improve the adaptability of the model, and it was established the relationship between the structure sizes of urban viaduct and the viewing angle of its influential point. Defined the acceptability ratio of the oppressiveness as the magnitude of the oppressiveness, and according to the results of investigation and statistics and the least square method, it was found out the relationship between the viewing angle and the acceptability ratio of the oppressiveness, so that it was established the function relationship between the structure sizes of urban viaduct and its acceptability ratio of the oppressiveness. According to the function relationship, it shall be determined the appropriate structure sizes of the urban viaduct and the boundary line of the under roads or the distance between the boundary line of the roads and the parcels nearby.