身份与无支配:古典共和主义对权利的追寻

Identity and Non-domination:The Pursuit of Right of Classical Republicanism

从逻辑上讲,获得各种权利的权利是拥有其他具体权利的前提条件。不同于现代自由主义者将权利视作我们每个人作为道德主体的反应,阿伦特强调,获得各种权利的基础在于公民身份。阿伦特有关权利基础的论断,受到政治学者的强烈批评。实际上,只有在共和主义的传统当中,才能够理解阿伦特有关获得各种权利论断的深刻含义,即将公民身份作为获得各种权利的前提条件是建立在阿伦特对民族国家症结的独特诊断之上。当然,也只有在共和主义传统当中,才能够进一步看到阿伦特该论断的局限性。

Logically speaking,the right to obtain various rights is a precondition for having other specific rights.Unlike modern liberals who regard rights as a response to each of us as a moral subject,Arendt emphasizes that the basis for obtaining various rights lies in citizenship.Arendt＇s assertions about the basis of rights have been strongly criticized by political scientists.In fact,only in the tradition of republicanism can we understand Arendt＇s deep meaning in obtaining the assertions of various rights.That is to say,citizenship as a precondition for obtaining various rights is based on Arendt＇s uniqueness to the crux of the nation-state.Of course,only in the republican tradition can we further see Arendt＇s limitations.