新中国成立初期的移民垦荒运动(1949-1957)

The Immigration and Wasteland Movement in the Early Period of the Founding of New China(1949-1957)

新中国成立之初,全国各地都面临着不同的困难。面对严重的失业问题,北京市尝试向东北和西北移民来解决就业问题;在灾荒面前,河北省、平原省则试行向东北移民来度荒。但从其成效来看,并未有效解决民众的实际困难。在粮食与就业压力持续加剧的情况下,1956年中央借鉴苏联城市青年垦荒运动经验,开始从受灾严重、人口稠密的省市大规模向边疆省区移民,1956-1957年间共移民75万余人。很多移民到安置地不久,就出现了大规模返籍现象,这说明在当时条件下移民垦荒并非缓解粮食危机、解决就业压力的最好办法。

At the beginning of the founding of the People＇s Republic,all regions of the country were faced with different difficulties.In the face of serious unemployment problems,Beijing has attempted to solve the employment problem by emigrating northeast and northwest.In front of the disaster,Hebei Province and the plain province have tried to immigrate to the northeast to weather the shortage.However,according to its effectiveness,it has not effectively solved the practical difficulties of the people.As the pressure on food and employment continued to increase,in 1956,the Central Government used the experiences of the Soviet youth in the urban agrarian wasteland campaign to start large-scale immigration from provinces and cities heavily affected by disasters to the border provinces and autonomous regions.Between 1956 and 1957,a total of more than 750,000 people immigrated.A large number of immigrants to resettled land soon after the emergence of a large-scale return to home,which shows that under the current conditions,resettlement of immigrants is not the best way to alleviate the food crisis and solve employment pressure.