湖北宜城跑马堤墓地出土铜器的科学分析研究

Scientific study on bronzes unearthed from the Paomadi Cemetery in Yicheng,Hubei Province

跑马堤墓地是位于湖北省宜城市郑集镇的一处战国至汉代墓地。该墓地出土了大量青铜器,为研究从战国到汉代青铜器的制作技术变迁提供了系统性的资料。本研究对该墓地出土的部分铜器进行了金相组织观察和元素成分分析。结果显示,战国晚期铜器的材质包括铅锡青铜和锡青铜两类,不同类型功用的器物,在材质的选择上也有所不同;西汉铜器的材质则以铅锡青铜为主,合金元素总量相对于战国晚期铜器要低,而且变化范围较大。整体上,该批铜器主要为铸造成型,但其中有3件汉代青铜容器为锻造而成,这三件锻造铜器均为敞口薄壁器物。研究结果可为汉代以后考古学和金属技术史研究提供资料,并为中国古代金属技术史演进序列的补充完善提供科学数据。

Paomadi Cemetery is located in Zhengji Town of Yicheng,Hubei province. A great number of bronze wares from the late Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty have been unearthed from the cemetery. This paper analyzed elemental compositions and metallographic structures of some bronze wares of this cemetery. We found that the bonzes of the later Warring States Period can be categorized as lead-tin bronzes or tin bronzes,depending on the function of the bronzes. The bronzes of the Han Dynasty are mostly lead-tin bronzes with lower alloy composition and wider alloy compositional ranges in comparison to those of the Late Warring States Period. Most of the bronzes analyzed were cast metal; however,three pieces were hammered. The three hammered bronzes are all utensils with open-tops and thin walls.