基于禽流感发生风险的生态安全评价研究进展

Research progress of ecological security assessment based on the risk of avian influenza

禽流感是危害公共健康、社会经济和政治稳定重要的传染性疾病。近年来,禽流感引发的区域生态安全(公共卫生安全和生物安全)问题日益受到学界关注。为此,有必要从禽流感发生风险的角度来开展区域生态安全评价。根据1996—2017年发表的禽流感发生风险与生态安全评价英文文献,运用Citespace软件综合分析了禽流感与生态安全评价的最新研究进展。在阐述禽流感发生风险与生态安全评价关系基础上,结合生态安全评价理论框架,从数据来源、适用范围、优缺点等方面分别对禽流感发生风险评估方法以及基于禽流感发生风险的生态安全评价方法进行对比与总结。综述表明:禽流感发生风险对生物物种安全和公共卫生安全的威胁已经严重影响到区域生态安全,其引发的公共卫生危机和生物多样性减少是生态安全评价研究的重要内容,从禽流感发生风险视角评价区域生态安全具有其必要性和紧迫性,并迫切需要加强相关模型方法及其应用研究。目前,禽流感研究主要以病毒学、流行病学为主,与生态安全领域结合研究较为缺乏,在生态安全评价中有关禽流感发生风险内容的研究基本被忽视。既可为深入揭示禽流感发生与传播的动力学机制与防控和监测禽流感提供科学依据,亦可为未来开展基于禽流感发生风险的区域生态安全评价研究提供方法借鉴。

Avian influenza is a serious and harmful infectious disease which probably impact public health, social economy, and political stability. Recently, regional issues of ecological security caused by the risk of avian influenza have increasingly attracted much concern in the scientific community, especially in the fields of public health security and biological safety. Therefore, it＇s necessary to review regional ecological security assessment from the angle of the risk of avian influenza. In this respect, available peer-reviewed papers of avian influenza and ecological security assessment from the Web of Science during 1996-2017 were comprehensively analyzed to understand the related research progress using the Citespace software. After clarifying the relationship between the risk of avian influenza and ecological security assessment, by combing the theoretical framework of ecological security assessment, we compared the related merits, drawbacks, data sources and applicable scope of the approaches of avian influenza risk assessment and ecological security evaluation based on the risk of avian influenza. The result of this review paper showed that the threat of the risk of avian influenza on biological safety and public health security has greatly impacted regional ecological security. The avian influenza induced public health crisis and biodiversity loss are important research contents of ecological security. It is thus necessary and urgent to assess ecological security from the aspect of the risk of avian influenza and strength the investigation of model development and its applications. In addition, current avian influenza-related studies have largely been conducted in the fields of virology and epidemiology. However, integrated investigation and analysis between avian influenza and ecological security is generally scanty, let alone assess regional ecological security based on the risk of avian influenza. This study will contribute to providing scientific evidence to reveal the dynamic mechanisms of the occurrence and spread, prevention and monitoring, and regional ecological security assessment based on the risk of avian influenza.