欧美基本航空服务政策及其实施效益比较研究

Com parative Study on Europe and US Essential Air Service &Im pact of Application

目前,中国航空市场正处于半管制半开放的状态,伴随着航空运输市场管制的逐步放开,国内大多数地区迎来了更优质的服务以及更优惠的票价。然而,放松管制所带来的收益并没有均衡分配。许多偏远地区,尤其是中国西部地区市县,由于缺乏人口基础和经济实力,旅客运量不足以使航空服务实现持续盈利,因而难以获得或维持商业航空客运服务。以欧洲和美国为代表的航空发达国家为解决上述问题,纷纷制定了适应其国情的"基本航空服务"计划,其中最有代表性的是美国的基本航空服务计划(EAS)和欧洲的公共服务计划(PSO)。这些计划一方面满足了公众基本福利,另一方面,大大促进了其支线航空市场的健康发展。从基本航空服务诞生背景出发,梳理美国、欧洲基本航空服务政策内容与实施流程,对比分析政策效果,归纳成功经验,旨在提出适用于中国支线航空发展的政策建议。

At present,China＇s airline deregulation is only partial because government wants to protect its growing domestic market. With the development of airline deregulation,most citizens can enjoy better air service with cheaper price. However,the benefit brought by airline deregulation has not been allocated equally. For example,it is quite difficult for sparsely populated and underdeveloped communities,especially those cities locates in the western part of China,to attract airlines to operate scheduled air service. In order to solve this problem,some developed regions and countries like Europe and the USA created air transport subsidies programs like US＇s Essential Air Service（ EAS） and Europe＇s Public Service Obligation（ PSO）. Those programs ensure citizens＇ rights to access air transport and promote the development of regional aviation. Starting from sorting out the background,policy content and implementation process of EAS and PSO,this paper compares the effect of EAS to PSO by applying benefit mechanism to analyzing stakeholders of those two programs. The purpose is to put forward some applicable policy decisions for future regional aviation.