中国国家价值链:区域关联特征与增加值收益变化

China National Value Chain: Characteristics of Geographic Linkage and Changes in Value-Added

本文通过1997、2002、2007、2012年中国地区间投入产出表,从中间品关联、增加值关联、投入产出关联三方面的视角考察了中国8大地区间的国家价值链(NVC)现状及其演变趋势,并测算了不同地区参与NVC的增加值收益变化。研究发现,无论是中间品关联,还是增加值关联,中国8大地区间的关联程度总体呈现上升趋势,当然,不同地区也呈现分化现象:西北、京津、中部地区的国内中间品关联指数更高一些,而东北与东南沿海地区的关联指数更低一些;京津、西北地区的增加值后向关联指数较大,而中部地区与北部沿海地区的增加值前向关联指数较大。从投入产出关联视角看,中国8大地区的上游度指数与下游度指数在1997年时均超过2,而且1997—2012年间,更多地区的上、下游度指数呈现上升态势。当然,从地区的角度考察,中国国内价值链不具有明显的"微笑曲线"特征。从参与NVC的增加值获益率上看,则是内陆地区普遍高于沿海地区,但随着参与全球价值链(GVC)程度的增加,各地区从参与NVC的增加值获益率有下降的趋势。

Based on the inter-regional input-output tables of China for the years of 1997,2002,2007 and2012,and from the three perspectives of intermediate,value-added and input-output linkages,this paper observes the state and evolution of the national value chain in Chinese eight large regions,and estimates the changes of their value-added gains in those regions joining the NVC. It is found that the extent of linkages among those eight large regions ticks up in terms of intermediate and value-added linkages. However,there also exist slight differences among differing regions： the intermediate linkage indices are higher in the Northwest,Beijing Tianjin,and the Central regions,while lower in the North and the Southeast Coastal regions; the backward value-added linkage indices are higher in Beijing Tianjin and the Northwest regions,but lower are the forward value-added linkage indices in the Central and the North Costal regions. From the viewpoint of input-output linkage,both the upstream and downstream indices are over 2 in 1997 of the eight large regions,while between 1997 and 2012 both up and downstream indices rise in most of the regions. Moreover,there is no obvious feature of＂smiling Curve＂if looking at the regions. In view of the value-added gains joining the NVC,the ratio is higher in the inland regions than in the coastal regions,but the more the extent of participation inthe GVC is,the lower the ratio of value-added gains will be.