中国工业产业空间集聚的测量及特征研究

The Measure and Characteristics of the Geographical Concentration of Chinese Industries

该文利用中国工业企业数据库数据,结合企业位置的经纬度,运用DO指数对2003—2011年的中国工业产业集聚模式以及动态演变情况进行了研究。研究发现：（1）65%的行业在5%置信水平下呈现空间集聚状态,这一结果与发达国家水平类似。（2）集聚大部分发生在200公里内,但往往在较远距离上会再次突破标准,表明中国工业行业存在多中心集聚状况。（3）中国的行业集聚程度仍处于上升阶段,2003-2011年中国工业行业集聚趋势在增强。（4）集聚、分散特征在行业间呈现偏态分布,高集聚行业个数不多,大部分行业处于低集聚或不集聚的状态。（5）相同二位码行业下的三位码行业空间分布模式趋同,但某些二位码行业下的分布模式差异较大,不适用做行业集聚判定的划分标准。（6）四位码行业集聚分散情况与三位码行业相似,但精度不如后者。该文的研究对政府制定产业和促进集聚的政策提供了有用信息。

Using the Annual Survey Database of Chinese Industrial Firms,the latitude and longitude of enterprise location and the methodology developed by Duranton and Overman,we analyze the industrial agglomeration patterns and dynamic evolution of Chinese industries during2003-2007.We found that：（1）65% of the industry presented a spatial agglomeration at the5% confidence level,which is similar to that of developed countries.（2）The bulk of the gathering took place within 200 kilometers,but some sectors have more than one cluster,indicating that there are multi-center agglomerations in China＇s industrial sector.（3）The industry concentration in China is still rising.From 2003 to 2011, China＇s industrial agglomeration trend is increasing,while the dispersion trend is also increasing.（4）The clustering and dispersive characteristics show a skewed distribution among the industries,and the number of highly concentrated industries is small,and most are in a low or nonclustered state.（5）The spatial distribution pattern of the three-digit sectors in the same two-digit branches is similar,but in some two-digit branches,the distribution patterns of the three-digit sectors are quite different.The two-digital branch is not appropriate for measuring localization patterns.（6）The spatial patterns of four-digit sectors are similar to the pattern of the three-digit sectors,but the accuracy is not as good as the later.These results are useful for the agglomeration policy and regional development. The agglomeration pattern and agglomeration degree of important industries in this paper provide useful information for the government to formulate industry and promote agglomeration policy.