海南省流动摊贩及小餐饮店食品微生物污染状况

Microbial contamination of food in mobile vendors and small restaurants in Hainan

目的了解及掌握海南省流动摊贩、小餐饮店食品微生物污染情况,为相关部门提供科学依据和技术指导,减少食物中毒事件的发生。方法通过开展食品安全风险监测,从"国家食品安全风险监测系统"导出海南省2013、2015、2016年流动摊贩、小餐饮店食品微生物监测的数据,进行整理。针对采集食品样品不同的时间、地点、种类来分析污染状况。结果海南省2013、2015、2016年流动摊贩、小餐饮店食品共检测481份,不合格95份,不合格率达19.75%,不同年份样品检测的不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。第二季度和第三季度样品检测不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同地区样品检测不合格率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同食品种类的检测结果显示,盒饭的不合格率最高,但是各种食品中菌落总数检出的不满意度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论海南省2013、2015、2016年流动摊贩、小餐饮店食品受微生物污染较严重,尤其是快餐食品中盒饭污染最严重。

Objective To understand the situation about microbial contamination of food in mobile vendors and small restaurants in Hainan Province, so as to provide the evidence for relevant departments giving better sanitary administration and technical instruction in order to reduce food poisoning events. Methods The monitored data about microbial contamination of food in mobile vendors and small restaurants in Hainan in 2013,2015,2016, were exported from the National Food Safety Risk Monitoring System and these data were processed. The above mentioned data were analyzed by classifying them in time, locations and types of food samples. Results There were 95 unqualified samples among 481 samples in 2013, 2015 and 2016 selected from mobile vendors and small restaurants, with the reject ratio of 19.75%, detection of samples of different years difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of unqualified rate between the second and third quarters （P〈0.001）. There was a statistically significant difference between samples from different regions （P〈0.001）. The detection results of different types of food demonstrated that the box lunch had the highest unqualified rate, but there was no statistically significant difference in the total number of bacterial colonies detected in various foods （P〉 0.05）. Conclusion The microbial contamination of food in mobile vendors and small restaurants is serious, especially in the box lunch, in Hainan Province in 2013, 2015 and 2016.