五四时期青年知识分子与新村主义

Young Intellectuals and the New Village Ideal During the Period of the May 4th Movement

五四时期的新村主义运动是许多青年知识分子走上科学社会主义的一个重要思想经历。以往学界相关研究多用"传入—反响"模式,仅将其作为一种外来思想在中国的传播和影响问题来加以研究,而对于当时中国青年知识分子所践行的新村主义与日本新村主义之间所存在的差异缺乏分析。本文通过对中日新村主义运动的比较,认为中日新村主义不但实质内容存在着明显的差异,其在两国所发生的影响和结局也大不一样。日本新村主义运动强调自我,不触动原有社会制度,虽然历经90余年,但仍然存留下来。而中国新村主义的实践者则以彻底改造社会为己任,不断探索、奋进。他们正是以新村运动的失败为契机,选择了科学社会主义并最终取得成功。

The New Village Ideal during the May Fourth Movement was an important ideological experience for many young intellectuals that assisted in their acceptance of scientific socialism. In the past,relevant research in academic circles has been based on an "introduction and response"model,and it was only regarded as an issue of researching the introduction and spread of foreign ideas in China. There was a lack of analysis of the differences between the New Village Ideal practiced by Chinese young intellectuals and the Japanese New Village Doctrine.This article compares the New Village Movements in China and Japan,considering not only the significantly different substantive contents of the movement in the two countries but also their different impacts and outcomes.The Japanese New Village Movement emphasized the ego and did not focus on the original social system. Although 90 years have already passed,the movement continues to exist. The practitioners of China's New Village Ideal assumed responsibility for remolding society and sought to continuously explore and forge ahead. They took the opportunity of its failure to embark on the road of scientific socialism which eventually proved to be successful.