中国与国际核不扩散机制(1978—1992)

China and the International Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime(1978—1992)

自改革开放以来,中国逐渐改变了对国际核不扩散机制的态度。中国通过参加国际组织(国际原子能机构)、与其他国家谈判签署和平利用核能合作协议(与法国、英国、联邦德国、日本和美国等)以及宣布不再进行大气层核试验(事实上履行了1963年《部分核禁试条约》)等方式,加入国际核不扩散机制。同时在核不扩散政策方面,中国提出了"不主张核扩散、不搞核扩散、也不帮助其他国家发展核武器"的"三不"原则。但中国的核政策仍带有革命外交的痕迹,继续对国际核不扩散机制的核心《核不扩散条约》持批评态度,拒绝签署协议。

With the implementation of Deng Xiaoping＇ s ＂ reform and opening up＂ policy, China gradually changed its stance of criticizing the international nuclear nonproliferation regime. China began to participate in the international nuclear nonproliferation regime by means of joining related international organizations, such as Inter- national Atomic Energy Agency, to negotiate nuclear cooperation agreements with the Western countries, such as France, Britain, Japan, and the United States, while at the same time also declaring that it would no longer con- duct atmospheric nuclear tests. In addition, China announced that ＂it by no means favors nuclear proliferation, nor will it engage in nuclear proliferation by helping other countries to develop nuclear weapons. ＂ However, China was still critical of the discriminatory Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and declined to accede to the treaty until 1992.