上游垄断如何影响企业出口--来自中国制造业企业的微观证据

How Does Upstream Monopoly Affect Firm Export——Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms

本文深入考察了上游垄断对制造业企业出口的影响,发现上游垄断显著降低了中国制造业企业的出口规模。进一步考察上游垄断影响企业出口规模的潜在机制,发现上游垄断显著阻碍了企业生产率的提升、降低了出口概率,此外其对出口产品种类、出口范围、出口数量与价格均产生了明显的降低效应。异质性分析表明,上游垄断显著抑制了民营企业的出口规模扩张,但对国有企业与外资企业的抑制作用较弱;上游垄断对企业出口规模扩张的抑制作用随着加工贸易程度的提升而减弱;上游垄断显著降低了非进口企业的出口规模,但对进口企业的负面影响相对较小。最后,本文还从企业出口持续时间的角度进一步研究了上游垄断与中国制造业企业出口的关系,发现上游垄断显著缩短了企业出口的持续期,并且该效应在不同特征企业中具有明显的差异性。

Based on the customs data merged with manufacturing firm sur- vey data, this paper empirically investigates the impact of upstream monopoly on Chinese manufacturing firm export. The results show that upstream monopoly significantly decreases firms＇ export size. We furthermore explore the potential mech- anisms through which upstream monopoly affects firm export, and find that upstream monopoly significantly decreases firm productivity as well as export participation, in addition, it also exerts negative impacts on export variety, export scope, export quantity and export price. The heterogeneity analysis shows that upstream monopoly significantly suppresses private enterprises＇ export expansion, while such impacts on state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises are relatively weaker; the negative impact of upstream monopoly on firm export expansion is decreasing as the processing share of the firm increases; moreover, upstream monopoly significantly decreases non-importers＇ export size, while such impacts on importers are relatively weaker. Last but not least, we conduct survival analysis and find that upstream monopoly significantly decreases the duration of firm export, and such an impact is heterogeneous across firms with different characteristics. The above results imply that reducing the upstream monopoly and strengthening upstream competition can significantly promote Chinese enterprises＇ export.