不同来源FDI、环境规制与绿色全要素生产率

Different Sources of FDI, Environmental Regulation and Green Total Factor Productivity

绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)既包括了经济增长,又涵盖了能源与环境,用GTFP来衡量经济发展绩效,更为全面和准确,也更符合当代绿色发展的要求。本文首先使用SBM方向性距离函数与Luenberger生产率指数测算2004—2014年中国各省、市、区的绿色全要素生产率,其次基于中国各省、市、自治区的面板数据从不同来源外商直接投资(FDI)视角研究FDI对GTFP的影响,并进一步引入FDI与环境规制的交互项研究环境规制对这一影响的调节效应。结果表明:整体上,FDI对GTFP的影响并不显著;不同来源的FDI对GTFP的影响不同:中国香港FDI对GTFP有显著的正向作用,日本FDI对GTFP有显著的负向作用,而美国和韩国FDI对GTFP有不显著的负向作用,新加坡FDI对GTFP有不显著的正向作用;环境规制始终能正向调节FDI对GTFP的影响。招商引资应区别对待不同来源FDI,综合考虑外资的投资行业、规模和技术差距,并结合当地经济、社会和环境发展需求,以期助力地区实现绿色发展。

Green Total Factor Productivity （GTFP） reflects the total effect of economic growth and environment improvement, which reflects the essence of green development. Therefore, using GTFP to measure economic performance is not only comprehensive and accurate, but also more in line with the requirements of green development. This paper uses the SBM directional distance function and the Luenberger productivity index to measure the GTFP of China＇s provinces from 2004 to 2014. Secondly, based on China＇s provincial panel data, we carry out empirical analysis about the impact of different sources of FDI on GTFP, then explore the interaction＇s impact of GTFP by introducing the interaction of FDI and environmental regulation. The results are as follows. Firstly, the impact of FDI on GTFP is not significant as a whole. Secondly, the impact of FDI from different sources on GTFP is different： FDI from Hong Kong has a significant positive effect on GTFP; FDI from Japan has a significant negative effect; FDI from US and South Korea has a negative effect but not significant; FDI from Singapore has a positive effect but not significant. Thirdly, environmental regulation has been able to positively regulate the impact of FDI on GTFP. FDI from different sources should be treated differently, taking into account the investment industry, size and technical gap, combined with local economic, social and environmental development needs, which is helpful for the region to achieve green development.