术前及输血前感染性疾病筛查在医院感染控制中的价值探讨

Study on Value of Screening of Infectious Diseases before Surgery and Blood Transfusion in the Hospital Infection Control

目的探究术前及输血前感染性疾病筛查在医院感染控制中的临床价值。方法将2015年12月—2017年2月在该院接受诊治的15 824例受血患者作为该次研究的主要对象,在患者术前、输血前对进行患者血液标本采集,每位患者采集3~5 m L静脉血,经离心处理后,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测HBs Ag、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP,对四项检验的阳性例数进行记录。结果经血清检验,15 824例血液当中单一指标阳性者共2 735例,阳性率为17.28%,其中HBs Ag阳性患者1 894例,阳性率为11.97%,抗-HCV阳性患者125例,阳性率为0.79%,抗-HIV阳性患者102例,阳性率为0.64%,抗-TP阳性患者614例,阳性率为3.88%。结论在患者手术前及输血前进行感染性疾病筛查,能够有效降低因输血所造成的疾病感染,一定程度上避免了医疗纠纷的发生,同时也加强了医务人员的自我保护,降低职业危险性的同时,对医院感染控制也具有较大的积极意义。

Objective To study the clinical value of screening of infectious diseases before surgery and blood transfusion in the hospital infection control. Methods 15 824 cases of patients with receiving blood diagnosed in our hospital from December 2015 to February 2017 were selected, and the blood specimens were collected before surgery and blood transfusion, for 3 ~5 m L venous blood, after the centrifugal treatment, the HBs Ag, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP were tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the positive cases of the four tests were recorded. Results After the serum test, there were 2 735 cases with single positive indicator of 15 824 cases, and the positive rate was17.28%, and there were 1 894 HBs Ag positive cases, and the positive rate was 11.97%, and there were 125 anti-HCV positive cases, and the positive rate was 0.79%, and there were 102 anti-HIV positive cases, and the positive rate was0.64%, and there were 614 anti-TP positive cases, and the positive rate was 3.88%. Conclusion The screening of infectious diseases before surgery and blood transfusion can effectively reduce the infection of diseases due to blood transfusion, avoid the occurrence of medical disputes to a certain degree, enhance the self-protection of medical staff and reduce the occupational hazards, which is of positive significance to the hospital infection control.