铝合金汽车发动机缸体内壁表面改性的研究进展

Research Progress on Surface Modification of Aluminum Alloy Automotive Engine Cylinder Inner Wall

节能减排是汽车制造行业面临的巨大挑战,发动机的轻量化结构设计及性能提升是解决该问题的重要途径之一。铝合金发动机缸体满足轻质要求,但其耐磨损性能较差,容易造成缸体内表面磨损失效,采用表面改性技术对铝合金发动机缸体内壁进行强化是有效的解决途径。相比于传统的铸铁内嵌式缸套,通过微弧氧化、等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等技术在铝合金基体上制备涂层可以极大地改善其耐磨性能,同时降低发动机的整体质量。本文详细阐述了适用于铝合金发动机缸体内表面改性技术的原理、特点及涂层制备等的研究进展,重点探讨了涂层的沉积成形机理及耐磨损机制研究现状,对涂层材料的设计及优化、涂层制备工艺参数的精细化调控及涂层设备的开发及改进等方面进行了展望。

Energy saving and emission reduction are huge challenges for car manufacturing industry.The lightweight design and performance improvement of car engines are key solutions for these tasks.Although engines made of aluminum alloy can meet the requirements of lightweight,their poor wear resistance is prone to cause the failure of engines during service period.Surface modification on the inner wall of aluminum alloy engine blocks is an effective solution to improve their wear resistance.Compared with the traditional cast iron liners,coatings prepared by means of plasma spraying,arc spraying,supersonic flame spraying,micro-arc oxidation technologies can not only improve the wear resistance but also maintain the lightweight of aluminium engine blocks.In this review article,the principle,characteristics and coating preparation of suitable surface modification technologies for aluminum alloy engine block are presented.In particular,the forming mechanism and wear behaviour of coating materials are elucidated.In summary,the design of coating materials,optimization of process parameters,and development of coating equipment are discussed.