增加反应物的量对理想气体反应平衡移动的影响

Influences of Increasing the Amount of Reactant on Chemical Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Systems

对于理想气体反应,除温度、压强和惰性气体等因素对平衡移动有影响外,还有一种对平衡移动有重要影响的其它因素是增加反应物的量。在不同的条件下,改变反应物的量对平衡移动的影响是不同的。在恒温、恒容的条件下,增加反应物的量,会使平衡向右移动,对正向反应有利。在恒温、恒压条件下,加入反应物却不一定总是使平衡向右移动,对于反应前后气体分子数减少的反应,平衡可能出现反常移动。

For ideal gas systems,increasing the amount of reactant has an important influence on the shift of chemical equilibrium,in addition to temperature,pressure and inert gas. In different conditions,the influences of changing the amount of reactant on the shift of chemical equilibrium are different. In constant temperature and constant volume,increasing the amount of reactant will make chemical equilibrium shift to the right,which is beneficial to forward reaction. In constant temperature and constant press,the addition of reactants does not always make chemical equilibrium shift to the right. For a chemical reaction to the decrease of the number of gas molecules before and after the reaction,the equilibrium may exhibit abnormal shift.