播种方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Method on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Summer Maize

[目的]研究不同播种方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响,为大面积机械化生产提供技术支持。[方法]研究3种不同播种方式(免耕机播、灭茬机播、旋耕机播)对玉米出苗率、整齐度、叶面积、干物质重、穗部状况及产量的影响。[结果]灭茬机播出苗率最高,较免耕机播、旋耕机播分别提高3.07%、8.19%;且灭茬机播的整齐度也最好;灭茬机播显著提高了玉米拔节期、大口期、开花期叶面积及开花期和成熟期的干物质重;不同处理产量由高到低依次为灭茬机播、免耕机播、旋耕机播,灭茬机播产量较免耕机播、旋耕机播分别提高5.1%、9.6%。[结论]灭茬机播播种方式能够显著提高玉米产量,对保证粮食安全具有重要意义,适宜在德州地区推广。

[Objective]To research the effects of sowing method on agronomic characters and yield of summer maize,and to provide technical support for large-scale mechanized production. [Method] We researched the effects of three different sowing methods（ no tillage seeding,stubble cleaning seeding,rotary tillage seeding） on maize emergence rate,uniformity,leaf area,dry matter weight,ear status and yield.[Result]Emergence rate of stubble cleaning seeding was the highest. And the emergence rate increased by 3. 07% and 8. 19% respectively,compared with no tillage seeding and rotary tillage seeding. Uniformity of seedling stage was the best in the stubble cleaning seeding treatment.Stubble cleaning seeding treatment significantly increased the leaf area of summer maize at jointing stage,flare opening stage,flowering stage and dry matter weight in flowering stage,mature stage. The yield of stubble cleaning seeding was the highest,and the yield increased by5. 1% and 9. 6%,respectively compared with no tillage seeding and rotary tillage seeding. [Conclusion] Stubble cleaning seeding treatment could significantly increase the yield of summer maize,which was important to ensure food security,and was suitable to be popularized in Dezhou area.