不同保土截留措施对巢湖地区坡耕地的水土保持效应

Effect of Different Soil Conservation Measures on Soil and Water Conservation of Sloping Cultivated Land in Chaohu Area

[目的]研究不同保土截留措施对巢湖地区坡耕地的水土保持效应。[方法]利用长期定位小区试验,研究植物篱+秸秆覆盖(HM)、植物篱(PH)和浅垄(CT)对坡耕地土壤肥力的影响,进一步研究植物篱与秸秆覆盖结合对提高土壤肥力的作用和效果,从而不断完善植物篱与秸秆覆盖技术。[结果]与常规耕作对照(CK)相比,植物篱+秸秆覆盖、植物篱和等高垄作处理的径流量与产沙量分别降低43.00%和48.52%、36.52%和40.52%、33.11%和38.42%。常规耕作处理径流水中总氮和总磷浓度分别为5.19和1.12 mg/L,均高于其他处理,分别比植物篱、植物篱+秸秆覆盖和等高垄作处理总氮和总磷平均浓度高14.62%和30.49%、12.96%和25.42%、10.77%和27.34%。不同处理耕层土壤有机质含量由高到低依次为HM、PH、CT、CK,且0~10 cm土层有机质含量高于10~20 cm土层。植物篱+秸秆覆盖、植物篱和等高垄作处理耕层土壤速效养分与对照相比均有所提高,且HM处理显著高于对照(CK)。[结论]植物篱与秸秆覆盖可以作为源头控制农田养分流失的较好措施加以推广。

[Objective]To study effect of different soil conservation measures on soil and water conservation of sloping cultivated land in Chaohu area. [Method]By the long-term experiment,influence of the hedgerow ＋ band coverage（ HM）,hedgerows（ PH） and shallow ridge（ CT） on soil fertility of cultivated land slope was studied,and the function and effect of improving the function were stduied by the hedgerow straw mulch with hedgero,so as to constantly improve the hedgerow and straw covering technique.[Result]Compared with conventional tillage（ CK）,runoff and sediment yield of hedgerow ＋ zone between hedgerow and coverage,high ridge treatment were decreased by 43% and 48. 52%,36. 52% and 40. 52%,33. 11% and 38. 42%. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration of conventional tillage runoff respectively was 5. 19 and 1. 12 mg/L,were higher than other treatments,respectively,than hedgerow hedgerow ＋ zone coverage and high ridge planting treatments,total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 14. 62% and 30. 49%,the average concentration of 12. 96% and 25. 42%,10. 77% and 27. 34%. The order of soil organic matter content between different treatments was HM〉 PH〉 CT〉 CK,and the content of organic matter in 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that of 10-20 cm soil layer. Hedgerow ＋ straw mulching,hedgerow and nutrient high ridge soil treatment compared with the control treatment were improved,and the treatment of HM was significantly higher than that of control（ CK）. [Conclusion]Hedgerow and straw mulching can be used as a good measure to control the loss of farmland nutrients at the source.