风化煤基肥对改良土壤及长山药产量和质量的影响

Effects of Weathered Coal-derived Fertilizer on Soil Amelioration and Yield and Quality of Chinese Yam

长山药是药食同源农产品,大量的需求使得种植重茬次数增多、施入化肥增多,造成土传病害加重,土壤营养元素比例失调,出现死苗、烂根现象,产量和品质明显下降。在充分研究煤及风化煤基肥性质与长山药生长特性的基础上,对风化煤进行肥料化处理,以基肥的方式施入长山药种植土壤,进行持续几年的实地对比试验研究。结果表明,风化煤基肥具有煤的结构特性和富含游离腐植酸及活性物质的特性,使土壤p H值降低,疏松度增大,游离腐植酸和活性物质增加,地温提高,改善了长山药种植土壤的理化性质,有效促进了长山药出苗早及全、中期长势好和晚期衰败晚;每公顷施加风化煤基肥9 000 kg,长山药产量增加20%以上,品相也得到了有效改善。

As an economic crop, Chinese yam has good nutritional and medicinal value. With the increasing demand of Chinese yam, the number of planting yam in the same land consequently grew, which accompanied with excessive fertilization. As a result, the balance of soil nutrient element was badly damaged and soil-borne diseases increased, following a lot of plants deaths and root rot.Consequently, the yield and quality of Chinese yam were both falling. Based on the study of relationship between weathered coal and growth characteristics of yam, the weathered coal-derived fertilizer was applied to the land planted yam, continuously years of on-the-spot contrast experiments were carried out in Pingyao. The results showed that the structural characteristics of weathered coal-derived fertilizer was similar to coal, and the former was also rich in free humic acid and active substances, which decreased the p H-value of soil and increased the gas porosity meanwhile. Accompanied by the increasement of free humic acid and active substances,the temperature of soil also got improved, which ameliorated the soil properties that planted Chinese yam and in turn promoted the growth of plant, the yam seeds germinated earlier and more in early growth state, the growing was strong in mid-growth state and the wane in late stage was not serious. The yield increased by 20% after applying 9 000 kg/hm2 weathered coal-derived fertilizer and the yam had good appearance.