宋代文学的雅与俗

The Elegance and Vulgar of the Literature during the Song Dynasty in China

宋代的文人继承了中国古代文人一脉相传的尚雅传统,然而在他们的创作中却呈现出了俗化倾向。日常生活中的俗字、俗事、俗物在宋人的文学创作中一概来者不拒;最为严肃典雅的诗歌创作方法被大量引入词曲等"俗"文学;小说、语录体这样历来被视为不雅的文体也被纳入文学创作。宋代文人尚雅传统与其实际创作看似矛盾实则不然,他们所追求的是发乎内心的天真自然的雅,他们融通雅俗的文学创作将日常生活审美化,并且形成了一种陌生化的审美效果。

Scholars in the Song dynasty（ 960-1279 AD） carried on the tradition to advocate elegance,especially in literature,which was the marrow of tradition of the ancient Chinese scholars. However,it turned out that their compositions have shown the inclination to put emphases on the folk customs. There gradually appeared many slangs,common household items and even people＇s daily affairs in their works. The most serious and elegance-oriented poetry-composing methods were greatly brought in folk literature including colloquialisms and novels. In addition,some literary forms which had long been regarded ＂ secular ＂ were gradually absorbed in elegance literature creation. There are seemingly some contradictions between the elegance-focused tradition and the changes in the scholars＇ compositions,but actually it is not the case. The scholars of the Song dynasty pursued a natural and pure spirit and they focused on aestheticism for people＇s daily life by means of reconciling elegance literature and the folk one,which formed an aesthetic effect of defamiliarization.