河南省及周边地区玉米穗腐病病原菌的分离及鉴定

Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Pathogenic Species Causing Maize Ear Rot in Henan and Beyond Provinces

为明确河南省及周边地区玉米穗腐病致病菌的组成与分布,在玉米成熟期从河南及周边5省36地市玉米产区采集玉米穗腐病样品204份,通过组织分离、病原纯化,共分离到698个分离物,经形态鉴定和分子鉴定,发现镰孢菌是该地区玉米穗腐病的主要病原菌,其中拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)平均分离频率达到47.8%,为该地区玉米穗腐病的优势病原菌;层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)和禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)平均分离频率分别为22.5%和17.6%,为该地区玉米穗腐病的常见病原菌.另外,还分离到了少量的尖镰孢(F.oxysporum)、藤仓镰孢(F.fujikuroi)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)以及木霉属(Trichoderma spp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、青霉属(Penicillum spp.)、链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)等病原菌.

The composition and distribution of pathogens causing maize ear rot were the basis for the disease monitoring and management,we collected the 204 diseased ear samples from the 36 maize producing areas in Henan and beyond provinces in the mature period. After isolation and purification,a total of 698 pure fungal cultures were obtained.With comparison of the morphological and molecular characteristics,the Fusarium spp. were found to be the main pathogens causing the maize ear rot in the local area. Among them,Fusarium verticillioides was the dominant species with the average isolation frequency at 49.7%. While the frequency of F. proliferatum and F. graminearum were 22.5% and 17.6%,respectively,which were the common pathogens of maize ear rot in the local area. In addition,some fungal species,such as F. oxysporum,F. fujikuroi,F. equiseti,Trichoderma spp.,Aspergillus spp.,Penicillum spp.,Alternaria spp. etc.,were detected as the causal pathogens with low-frequency.