2BDF-3.0型同步深施肥水稻穴直播机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Synchronous Side Deep Fertilizing with Rice Hill-drop Drilling of 2BDF-3.0 Machinery

根据水稻同步深施肥精量穴播技术的要求,设计了2BD-3.0型同步侧位深施肥水稻精量穴播机,可一次性完成开沟、起垄、播种、深施肥、覆土盖肥等工序,测试分析了该机具的田间排肥性能,调查研究了机械深施肥和人工习惯施肥处理下水稻扬花期不同土层中的养分分布。田间排性能试验结果表明:该机具在不同作业速度(0.1~1.3m·s^(-1))下单位面积施肥量均匀稳定,且不受机具作业速度影响,能满足实际生产中对不同施肥量的需求。大田试验结果表明:就杂交稻天优998和常规稻玉香油占2种供试验品种,在扬花期机械深施肥处理在0~5,5~10cm土层中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均高于人工习惯施肥处理,呈显著性差异;在整个耕作层(0~20cm)中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量机械深施肥处理均高于人工习惯施肥处理,增幅分别为2.74~9.07,8.81~15.09,19.01~48.40mg·kg^(-1),说明采用该机具进行机械深施肥作业将有利于提高土壤保肥能力,具有节约肥料用量的潜力。

Based on the technique requirement of synchronous side deep fertilizing with rice hill-drop drilling, a machinery of synchronous side deep fertilizing with precision hole sowing of 2 BDF-3.0 machinery was designed to realize ditching, ridging,sowing, deep fertilizing and covering soil. The field fertilizer discharge performance of this machine was tested and analyzed. The nutrient distribution in different soil layers of rice in the flowering period were investigated under mechanical fertilization and artificial fertilization. The result of field fertilization performance test showed that the fertilizer rate per unit area of this machine was uniform and stable under different operating speeds from 0.1 m·s^-1 to 1.3 m·s^-1, ans was not affected by the working speed of the machine, therefore, the machine could meet the demand of different fertilization amount in actual production. In flowering stage of rice, fertilizing efficacy tests on hybrid rice Tianyou 998 and conventional rice Yuxiangyouzhan were carried out in field study. The result showed that the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil layers of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm in the mechanically deep fertilization treatment were higher than those in artificial fertilization treatment, and the difference of the content was significant. Moreover, the same result could be also observed for the whole plowing layer, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of those in the mechanically deep fertilization treatment was also higher than those in artificial fertilization treatment, with an increase of 2.74-9.07 mg·kg^-1, 8.81-15.09 mg·kg^-1 and 19.01-48.40 mg·kg^-1, respectively. As a result, it is concluded that the application of this machine to deep fertilization will help to improve the capacity of soil fertility conservation, and it also has the potential to save fertilizer consumption.