妊娠期糖尿病的预防现状

Preventive Status of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病的发病率在全球范围内呈逐年上升趋势。预防孕期高血糖有助于改善母婴不良结局、降低发生远期并发症的风险,减少医疗支出等。目前关于采用生活方式干预来预防妊娠期糖尿病的研究得出的结果是矛盾的,特别是在肥胖的孕妇中预防效果还存在分歧。补充益生菌或肌醇可降低妊娠期糖尿病发病率;二甲双胍在某些高危人群中预防效果有限。鉴于不断增高的妊娠期糖尿病发病率,今后临床工作者应研究制订出更有效的干预措施。

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing year by year worldwide. Preventing pathological hyperglycaemia during pregnancy has several benefits： a reduction in the adverse outcomes during pregnancy,a reduced risk of long-term complications and a decrease in the economic burden to healthcare systems. Current research on the use of lifestyle interventions to prevent gestational diabetes has yielded conflicting results. In particular,while there is considerable controversy on the efficacy of simple life-style intervention in the prevention for the obese pregnant women. Supplementation with probiotics or inositol can reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus; metformin has limited preventive effect in certain at-risk groups. Given the increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes,further research is needed to identify more effective strategies.