防卫过当认定条件兼论特殊防卫权行使的限制

Statement on the Identification of Over-defense and the Limitation of the Special Defense

防卫限度是法律明文规定的防卫行为行使所应遵循的合理限度,也是衡量防卫行为是否造成过度损害的客观标准。对于明显超出制止不法侵害必要限度造成重大损害的正当防卫行为以防卫过当论处,需承担刑事责任。但若是针对严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪,却又可能构成法律所允许的特殊防卫。在司法实践中对于防卫过当以及特殊防卫的认定颇为棘手,对于明显超过必要限度的界定、"明显超过必要限度"与"造成重大损害"的关系以及对特殊防卫权行使的限制值得深入探讨。

The defense limit is the reasonable limit to be followed in the exercise of the defense act expressly stipulated by the law and is also an objective measure of whether the defense action causes undue damage to the other party. Legitimate defense that significantly exceed the necessary limits to prevent unlawful infringement is subject to criminal liability but can be mitigated. Acts that result in serious injury, however, can be criminalized, but acts against serious personal injury Violent crimes, they may constitute a special defense permitted by law. In the judicial practice, the determination of over-defendse and special-defense is rather tricky. For those definitions that clearly exceed the necessary limits, the relationship between ＂obviously exceeding the necessary limit＂ and ＂causing significant damage＂ and the restrictions on the exercise of special defense rights should be discussed in depth.