再议“新传统主义”:单位社会的二重意涵

Reconsidering New Traditionalism: A Double Meaning of “Danwei” Society

"新传统主义"作为单位研究的发端,其在对中国社会进行制度解释的同时,由于"国家社会关系"的视角而蕴含着对中国"社会"的分析。之后的学者过于重视"制度"而忽视了单位人的"社会"特征,以致在研究中由单位制度形塑的总体性的"单位社会"成为了被讨论的主角。通过对"新传统主义"的反思,提出"单位社会"一词的二重意涵:宏观上,国家通过单位制度形塑了一个总体性的"单位社会";微观上,于单位制度之上形成了一个单位人交往的"社会空间"——单位"社会"。当前的单位研究应该转向对这些单位"社会"的实证研究,在分析中理解整体性"单位社会"变迁的实际过程。

＂New traditionalism＂,as the origin of danwei or work units research,contains an analysis of China＇s ＂society＂from the perspective of the ＂state-society relationship＂,while explaining the system of the Chinese society. The later studies attach much importance to ＂system＂but neglect the ＂social＂characteristics of people in danwei. As a result,the overall ＂danwei society＂shaped out of work-unit system becomes the protagonist to be discussed. A reflection on ＂new traditionalism＂discloses the double meaning of ＂danwei society＂as a word.An overall＂danwei society＂is shaped by the work-unit system in China from a macro perspective while a＂social space＂or ＂work units society＂is formed for the work-unit persons to communicate on the basis of work-unit system. The current study of work units should turn to the empirical studies of these danwei or work-unit＂societies＂and understand the actual process of the changes of overall ＂danwei society＂in the analyses.