劳礼与《小雅》部分诗篇的创作

On Painstaking Etiquette and the Creation of Some Poems in Minor Odes

"劳礼"是一些大礼的一部分,它与诸多重大礼仪是融为一体的,它本身在"三礼"经文中不单独列为一种礼仪条目,但在礼经的聘礼、觐见礼、军礼中,均可见到劳礼的有关记载。好几首与"劳"有关的诗出现在《小雅》正诗中,或因出使而劳,或因觐见而劳,或因出师、凯旋而劳,说明劳礼在周代是真实存在的,而且源远流长。另外《诗序》不曰"劳",而曰"遣"、曰"勤"者,其实亦属于劳礼。

Painstaking etiquette（ laoli）,as a part of important etiquette,is integrated with other significant rituals. Not listed as an independent entry in the＂three ritual classics＂,painstaking etiquette（ laoli） is actually recorded in the rituals of interstate mission（ pinli）,having the audience（ jili） and military conducts（ junli） in the Classic of Rites. There are a few poems related to ＂painstaking＂in the main part of Minor Odes（ Xiao Ya）,depicting having the audience or dispatching troops or triumphant return. All these indicate the real existence of painstaking etiquette with a long tradition in the Zhou Dynasty. In addition,dispatching（ qian） and attendance（ qin） rather than painstaking（ lao） in Preface to the Poems（ Shi Xu） also belong to painstaking etiquette.