短时工作记忆与情景意识关系的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Relationship betweenShort-term Working Memory and SituationAwareness

人机界面设计强调人对任务信息加工与储存过程,在情景意识的形成与更新中,操作者的记忆过程尤为重要,所以研究人的记忆机制能改进人机界面并促进任务信息的储存和提取,减少操作者认知负荷,提高其获取与加工信息的能力.本研究的目的是通过考察中断任务对情景意识的影响,分析短时工作记忆在情景意识保持过程中的作用,推断情景意识的差异与记忆机制的差异是否相关.实验采用中断实验范式,在执行主任务与回忆主任务信息两个阶段之间插入一个中断任务,并不断改变中断任务的性质,通过个体的记忆错误程度,考察不同情况下情景意识水平的差异.实验结果表明,语音回路、视空间模块、中央执行系统都有参与短时工作记忆及情景意识的形成过程,且参与重要程度各不相同,同时,知觉、理解、预测三方面情景意识的形成难度也是逐级增加,此结论对于情景意识测量与人机界面设计有一定的指导意义.

The design of human-computer interface focuses on the information processing and storage. The memory of the operators issignificant during the formation and regeneration of the situation awareness. Research on memory can improve the humancomputerinterface design as well as the information storage and extraction, which also decreases operators’ cognitive load andimprove their ability to obtain and process the information. This research focuses on the influence of interruptive tasks on situationawareness. We inserted an interruptive task during the main task, and continuously changed the interruptive tasks to explore thevariance among different tasks. Experimental result showed that the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and centralexecutive system are all involved in the formation of working memory and situation awareness with different importance.