调亏灌溉对荒漠绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯生长、产量及水分利用的影响

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on growth,yield and water use of potato under mulched drip irrigation in desert oasis region

以马铃薯品种青薯168为研究材料,研究了膜下滴灌条件下不同生育期土壤水分亏缺对马铃薯生长、薯块产量与水分利用等指标的影响。在不同生育阶段设置了8个水分亏缺处理(RD1~RD8)和1个充分灌水处理(CK)。结果表明:膜下滴灌调亏灌溉马铃薯产量、收获指数、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率等指标受水分亏缺影响显著,块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺RD1效果最佳,产量略有下降,但其水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率与收获指数分别较其他处理及对照高8.10%~41.57%、3.57%~42.62%、10.16%~34.38%;水分亏缺影响马铃薯各生育阶段耗水量,且亏缺程度越大,生育阶段消耗的水量减少越明显;全生育期马铃薯光合势和叶面积指数变化趋势基本一致,即生育前期缓慢上升,中期快速上升,后期缓慢下降,总体呈现单峰曲线。因此,适度水分亏缺有利于提高膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率,促进马铃薯生长并改善其水分利用状况。

In this field experiment,Qingshu 168 was used as material,and eight water deficit treatments（ RD1-RD8） and one full irrigation control group（ CK） were performed in desert oasis region northwest China. The effects of soil water deficit on potato growth,yield and water use were studied under different drip conditions. The results showed that the yield,harvest index,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of potato under mulched drip irrigation were significantly affected by water deficit. The slight water deficit during tuber formation showed the best effect,of which the yield was slightly decreased,but the water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and harvest index were significantly higher than those of other water deficit treatments and CK control group. The degree of water deficit seriously affect the amount of water consumed at different growth stages,and the degree of water deficit positively correlated with the water consumption. Leaf area duration and leaf area index changed in the similar trend,with the leaf area index showing a single peak curve. In conclusion,muchled drip irrigation can improve the yield,water use efficiency of the potato in desert oasis region.