基于污染物通量超标排放的生态补偿方法

Ecological compensation method based on excessive emission of pollutant flux

针对污染物通量核算生态补偿量方法中单位污染物削减成本忽略了污染物来源差异性以及污染物通量核算未考虑年内实际水文、水质特征的问题,从污染物削减成本和污染物通量两个方面对该方法进行改进。污染物削减成本按照污染物来源分为点源污水(主要为工业废水、城市生活污水)和农村非点源污水(主要为农村生活污水、农业生产污水)削减成本两部分,根据不同废水来源的处理成本,按污染物排放量比重加权平均得到削减成本;同时,对年内划分水期,分别核算污染物通量。选取沱江支流上的濑溪河渝川缓冲区进行实例验证。结果表明:核算结果基本能够反映区域污染特征,核算金额也更加真实可信。

The determination of pollutant reduction cost in the ecological compensation method for pollutant flux neglects the differences in various pollutant sources,and the estimation of pollutant flux does not consider the actual hydrology and characteristics of water quality within a year. Hence,the above method is improved based on the two aspects,namely,the cost of pollutant reduction and the total amount of pollutant discharges. The pollutant reduction costs are divided into two parts: point sources( mainly industrial wastewater, urban domestic sewage) and rural non-point sources( mainly rural domestic sewage, agricultural production sewage). The final costs of reduction are weighted according to the proportion of pollutant emissions. At the same time,the water period within the year is divided, and the flux of pollutants is calculated separately. A case study is carried out to validate the proposed method in the buffer zone between Chongqing and Sichuan on Laixi River,a branch of Tuojiang River. The results indicate that the calculated amount of compensation can essentially reflect the regional pollution characteristics and it is more realistic and credible,